منابع مشابه
Giving Up Problem
How do people decide to abandon a problem? Participants were presented with unsolvable water-jar problems, having been accurately informed of the prior probability of solvability. Across three experiments, we discovered effects of prior probability of solvability and of problem-size (number of distinct problem states) on measures of effort and confidence. If a problem is more likely to be solva...
متن کاملThe Homotopy Analysis Method for Approximating of Giving Up Smoking Model in Fractional Order
In this paper, we consider the giving up smoking model. First, we present the giving up smoking model in fractional order. Then the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed to compute an approximate and analytical solution of the model in fractional order. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by forth order Runge-Kutta method and nonstandard numerical method in the integer ca...
متن کاملPerturbation-Iteration Algorithm to Solve Fractional Giving Up Smoking Mathematical Model
In this paper, a numerical technique is applied to a five variable giving up smoking fractional mathematical model. This model is based on five types of smokers, i.e. potential, occasional, heavy, temporary quitters and permanent quitters. Efficacy of Perturbation Iteration Algorithm on fractional system of differential equations is shown graphically between standard Runge-Kutta method and PIA.
متن کاملSystematic review of the evidence relating FEV1 decline to giving up smoking
BACKGROUND The rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decline ("beta") is a marker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk. The reduction in beta after quitting smoking is an upper limit for the reduction achievable from switching to novel nicotine delivery products. We review available evidence to estimate this reduction and quantify the relationship of smoking to beta. ME...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Thorax
سال: 1984
ISSN: 0040-6376
DOI: 10.1136/thx.39.9.641